Q: Are there different types of glaucoma?
A: There are several types of glaucoma, but the two most common types are open-angle glaucoma and angle-closure glaucoma. Open-angle glaucoma occurs when the trabecular meshwork, which is the drainage system that allows fluid to flow out of the eye, becomes less efficient over time, leading to a buildup of fluid and increased IOP. Angle-closure glaucoma occurs when the iris (the coloured part of the eye) blocks the drainage angle, preventing fluid from leaving the eye and leading to increased IOP.

Q: Who is at risk for glaucoma?
A: People over the age of 60, individuals with a family history of glaucoma, and those with medical conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure, or near-sightedness are at a higher risk for developing glaucoma. Certain ethnic groups, such as African Americans and Hispanics, are also at a higher risk.

Q: What are the symptoms of glaucoma?
A: In the early stages of glaucoma, there may be no noticeable symptoms, but as the condition progresses, it can cause a gradual loss of peripheral vision that can eventually lead to complete blindness. Other symptoms may include eye pain, headache, and blurred vision.

Q: How is glaucoma diagnosed?
A: A comprehensive eye exam with tonometry to measure eye pressure, pachymetry to measure corneal thickness, and an evaluation of the optic nerve is typically used to diagnose glaucoma. Visual field testing may also be used.

Q: How is glaucoma treated?
A: Glaucoma can be treated with eye drops, oral medications, laser therapy, or surgery. It is important to follow up regularly with an eye doctor to monitor the condition and make any necessary adjustments to the treatment plan. In some cases, vision loss caused by glaucoma cannot be reversed, so early detection and treatment are key to preserving vision. The goal of treatment is to lower eye pressure to prevent or slow down further vision loss.

Q: Is glaucoma preventable?
A: While glaucoma cannot be prevented, early detection and treatment can slow or prevent vision loss. It is recommended that individuals at risk for glaucoma have regular eye exams to detect the disease in its early stages.

Q: Can glaucoma lead to blindness?
A: Yes, if left untreated, glaucoma can lead to blindness. However, with early detection and treatment, most people with glaucoma can preserve their vision and lead normal lives.

Q: Can glaucoma be cured?
A: There is currently no cure for glaucoma, but it can be managed effectively with treatment. It is important to continue treatment even if there are no noticeable symptoms, as vision loss can occur even if the pressure in the eye appears normal.